Sachgebiete

Beschreibung:

XV; 826 Seiten; 29 cm; fadengeh., goldgepr. Orig.-Halblederband.

Bemerkung:

Ein gutes, stabiles Exemplar; mit Kopfgoldschnitt; Einband stw. berieben / beschabt; Seiten minimal nachgedunkelt; Vorsatz mit kl. Besitzerstempel. - Erstausgabe / STANDARDWERK. - EA. - THE main objects of this work are -- first, to enable the 'English reader' to find out the meaning and history of the foreign words and phrases which occur so frequently in English literature; secondly, to register the increase of the English vocabulary directly due to the adoption and naturalisation of foreign words since the introduction of printing; thirdly, to record all English words of foreign origin which have retained or reverted to their native form. The smallness of the staff and the small number of contributors have made it inevitable that these objects should not be fully attained and that the work should be uneven, but it is hoped that the attempts may be found to have met with a satisfactory measure of success. More than 50 per cent. (i.e. more than 6400) of the articles of the Dictionary and Supplement are devoted to the first object, which is popular; while the general public cannot fail to find very many of the remaining articles both useful and interesting even if the second and third objects above mentioned be not widely appreciated. The term " Anglicised" has been taken to mean {a) ' borrowed and wholly or partly naturalised', as amity, bagatelle, calibre, calico, elegant, flummery, potato; (b) 'used in English literature without naturalisation' (often, however, with more or less mispronunciation), as amour (Mod.), cafe, embonpoint, enfant terrible, flotilla, genius, non compos mentis, onus probandi; (c) ' familiarised by frequent quotation', such as revenous a nos moutons, littera scripta manet, omne ignotum pro magnifico est, ora pro nobis, which are not Anglicised at all in the strict application of the term, but which it is convenient to include with such phrases as d tort et a travers, amende honorable, enfant terrible, non compos mentis, onus probandi. Several hundred carefully selected books have been read for the purpose of collecting the literary materials upon which the best part of the work is based. When the University of Cambridge, in 1882, accepted the bequest of £ 5000 left by the late Mr J. F. Stanford to be employed in the production of a dictionary of " Anglicised Words and Phrases", the notes and collections made by Mr Stanford himself with a view to such a work were carefully examined. Mr Stanford's interpretation of the term Anglicised" was found to be very free, in fact equivalent to that given above. ? It would have been an endless and useless task to record all the words by which modern travellers and novelists have sought to give ' local coloring' to their narratives, such as numerous native words meaning ' milk', ' meat', ' rice', ' grass ', ' horse', ' father', ' priest', &c, which have not been and are never likely to be Anglicised or to become familiar in English speech or literature. It has been thought well to omit geographical names applied only or mainly in trade to exports or in finance to stocks and shares; such as Demerara (sugar). Many of the words which have been treated have severally developed in English a group of derivatives. No notice has been taken of such derivatives; e.g. echo and naive have been treated, but not echo, vb., echoic, echo/ess, echoy, naively, naivety. A great many technical terms, which are employed in the fine arts, architecture, the drama, history, music, and rhetoric, appear with comparative frequency in general literature. Such terms therefore have been more freely admitted than terms relating to other arts and sciences. The Syndics of the University Press, who settled the form and method of the Stanford Dictionary, decided to confine the etymology in the main to the indication of the language from which a word or phrase has been borrowed and of its native form and meaning, unless there was some fresh light to be thrown upon a derivation. Accordingly there are not very many full etymological paragraphs, but several of those which have been given will be found interesting, viz. those under Abdalli, abdat, Abracadabra, Alcliochoden, alerce, aliquot, almuten, avast, burgoo, chemist, complot, elixir, fanal, hubbub, sentinel, stockade, tornado, while the assignment of a word to its native tongue supported by the illustrative quotations often corrects current derivations. For instance, many words hitherto derived from French have been assigned to Italian or Spanish; e.g. comrade, crimson, scimetar. With regard to forms in -ado, it is in many cases difficult to determine whether a noun is borrowed from a Spanish form in -ada or an Italian form in -ada (Mod. It. -ata). Mr R. Seymour Conway has supplied a reference to Grober's Grundr. d. Roman. Philologie, Bd. I. p. 530, § 69. These earlier Italian -adds have hitherto been ignored by English etymologists, though Florio gives several, e.g. panada, pomada, scalada (as well as panata, pomata, scalatd), frisada, rodoniontada. It is therefore almost certain that there were once in Italian the forms gambada, stoccada, strappada, and possibly passada, &c. In the 15th and 16th, and even the 17th and 18th centuries, unaccented Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian a's were often turned into o's in English loan-words, as in the forms bagatello, bardello, barrico, berlino, bonano, borasco, botargo, chopine, comrade, grotto, hollock, junto, montero, potato, primero, salvo (artillery), stockade, tobacco, tobardillo, umbrello, visto. The accentuation of naturalised words has been approximately indicated by using - to represent an unaccented syllable, ' to represent an accented syllable, " to represent a comparatively strongly accented syllable. If the mark ' or " be repeated with regard to the pronunciation of one word, it is not implied that the two stresses are quite equal, nor is it implied that all syllables marked as unaccented have precisely the same stresslessness. About 100,000 illustrative quotations with dates and references have been collected, over 30,000 having been supplied by voluntary contributors, and of the total amount some 40,000 have been used. ? (Vorwort)